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51.
生态学理念在城市化进程战略环境评价中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市化,生活化是人类历史发展的必然趋势,城市化进程中,SEA是实施城市可持续发展战略的有效工具,在城市化进程SEA中引入以可持续发展为核心的生态学理论是引导城市环境协调发展的重要一环,本文探讨了生态学理论在SEA中运用,为保证城市的持续有序发展,在城市化进程中,SEA应充分考虑环境可持续性,社会可持续性,经济可持续性,土地可持续性。 相似文献
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珠三角冬季PM2.5重污染区域输送特征数值模拟研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
利用嵌套网格空气质量模式系统(NAQPMS)及其耦合的污染来源追踪模块,针对2013年1月珠三角区域的PM_(2.5)重污染过程输送特征进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明,污染气团首先形成于广州、佛山地区,并在弱偏北风的作用下南移加强,影响整个珠三角区域.重污染期间,广州(64.9%)、佛山(58.9%)的PM_(2.5)主要来自本地贡献,是区域输送最主要的来源地区;中山(51.9%)、珠海(66.2%)的PM_(2.5)主要来自外来贡献,是区域输送主要的受体地区.重污染期间,广州和佛山对中山的PM_(2.5)日均贡献率之和总体保持在25%以上,污染最重时达到40%.交通(26%)、工业(24%)、扬尘(16%)、火力发电(15%)和生物质燃烧(8%)是对中山贡献最大的5类源:工业源中山本地与外来输送贡献率基本相当;交通和扬尘源以中山本地贡献为主,贡献率分别为55%和67%;火力发电和生物质燃烧源以外来输送为主,贡献率分别为56%和62%.各类排放源的外来输送中,以广州、佛山所占的比例最大. 相似文献
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采用试管药膜法测定了12种杀菌剂制剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的急性接触毒性,结合安全性系数评价了供试药剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的安全性。急性毒性测定结果表明,氟硅唑和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的接触毒性最高,LC50值分别为220.022和223.115 mg·L-1;其次为多抗霉素、丙森锌和戊唑醇,LC50值分别为436.496、472.358和638.638 mg·L-1;其余7种杀菌剂制剂嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的触杀毒性都较低,LC50值均大于1 000 mg·L-1。安全性评价结果表明,丙森锌和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有高风险性,安全系数分别为0.16和0.42;嘧霉胺、多抗霉素、氟硅唑和戊唑醇为中等风险性,安全系数分别为1.43、1.56、2.20和3.23;其余6种杀菌剂制剂啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂表现为低风险性,安全系数均大于5。结果显示:甾醇脱甲基抑制剂氟硅唑、戊唑醇和啶菌噁唑以及苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧霉胺、有机硫杀菌剂丙森锌和抗菌素多抗霉素对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有急性毒性风险,在有害生物综合治理中应谨慎使用,特别是啶菌噁唑和丙森锌,以免对半闭弯尾姬蜂造成不良影响和危害。 相似文献
55.
Huizheng Che Zhifeng Yang Xiaoye Zhang Chize Zhu Qiangli Ma Huaigang Zhou Peng Wang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(5):1093-1099
The special and temporal characteristics of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom wavelength exponent (Alpha) and their relationship with aerosol chemical compositions were analyzed by using the data of CE318 sun-photometer and aerosol sampling instruments at Lin'an, Shangdianzi and Longfengshan regional atmospheric background stations. Having the highest AOD among the three stations, Lin'an shows two peaks in a year. The AOD at Shangdianzi station shows a single annual peak with an obvious seasonal variation. The AOD at Longfengshan station has obvious seasonal variation which peaks in spring. The Alpha analysis suggests that the aerosol sizes in Lin'an, Longfengshan and Shangdianzi change from fine to coarse categories. The relationship between the aerosol optical depths of the Lin'an and Longfengshan stations and their chemical compositions is not significant, which suggests that there is not a simple linear relationship between column aerosol optical depth and the near surface chemical compositions of atmospheric aerosols. The aerosol optical depth may be affected by the chemical composition, the particle size and the shape of aerosol as well as the water vapor in the atmosphere. 相似文献
56.
Effectiveness of protected areas for vertebrates based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity 下载免费PDF全文
Qing Quan Xianli Che Yongjie Wu Yuchun Wu Qiang Zhang Min Zhang Fasheng Zou 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):355-365
Establishing protected areas is the primary goal and tool for preventing irreversible biodiversity loss. However, the effectiveness of protected areas that target specific species has been questioned for some time because targeting key species for conservation may impair the integral regional pool of species diversity and phylogenetic and functional diversity are seldom considered. We assessed the efficacy of protected areas in China for the conservation of phylogenetic diversity based on the ranges and phylogenies of 2279 terrestrial vertebrates. Phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity were strongly and positively correlated, and only 12.1–43.8% of priority conservation areas are currently protected. However, the patterns and coverage of phylogenetic diversity were affected when weighted by species richness. These results indicated that in China, protected areas targeting high species richness protected phylogenetic diversity well overall but failed to do so in some regions with more unique or threatened communities (e.g., coastal areas of eastern China, where severely threatened avian communities were less protected). Our results suggest that the current distribution of protected areas could be improved, although most protected areas protect both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. 相似文献
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电化学方法生成羟基自由基及其在酸性铬蓝降解脱色中的应用1) 总被引:26,自引:3,他引:23
在电解槽中,以Na2SO4为支持电解质,多孔石墨电极为阴极,金属铁为阳极,在10mA·cm-2的阴极电流密度下,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2+进行反应,生成羟基自由基(Fenton试剂),进而对有机染料进行氧化反应,使其不饱和双键断裂,从而达到有机染料降解、脱色的目的,在生成Fentonn试剂的反应中,Fe2+被氧化为 Fe3+,生成的 Fe3+在阴极得电子后重新被还原为Fe2+,因此,在电解槽中 Fe2+起着催化剂的作用.COD的去除率大于80%,脱色率达100%.脱色速率的测定表明其为一级反应,反应速度常数k等于l.98 × 10-4s-1. 相似文献
59.
Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatics by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension was investigated in a closed system. Carbon tetrachloride (CT) was used as a representative target of perchlorinated alkanes and trichloroethylene (TCE) was used as one of highly chlorinated alkenes. Degradation of CT in Fenton reaction was significantly enhanced by pyrite used as an iron source instead of soluble Fe. Pyrite Fenton showed 93% of CT removal in 140 min, while Fenton reaction with soluble Fe(II) showed 52% and that with Fe(III) 15%. Addition of 2-propanol to the pyrite Fenton system significantly inhibited degradation of TCE (99% to 44% of TCE removal), while degradation of CT was slightly improved by the 2-propanol addition (80-91% of CT removal). The result suggests that, unlike oxidative degradation of TCE by hydroxyl radical in pyrite Fenton system, an oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is not a main degradation mechanism for the degradation of CT in pyrite Fenton system but a reductive dechlorination by superoxide can rather be the one for the CT degradation. The degradation kinetics of CT in the pyrite Fenton system was decelerated (0.13-0.03 min−1), as initial suspension pH decreased from 3 to 2. The formation of superoxide during the CT degradation in the pyrite Fenton system was observed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The formation at initial pH 3 was greater than that at initial pH 2, which supported that superoxide was a main reductant for degradation of CT in the pyrite Fenton system. 相似文献
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